Abstract: The content of fat wax, water soluble, pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and Klason lignin in bamboo shoots determined. The optimum process for extracting lignin from bamboo shoots by acetic acid extraction method was studied by response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for extracting lignin from bamboo shoots by acetic acid extraction method were studied by response surface methodology. The structural characteristics of lignin extracted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were analyzed. The effects of liquid-to-material ratio, extraction time, acetic acid volume fraction and concentrated hydrochloric acid addition on the extraction amount of lignin were investigated by single factor experiment. Based on the single factor experiment, the Box-Benhnken design was used to optimize the lignin extraction process and a good mathematical model was established. The results showed that the contents of lipid wax, water soluble, pectin, hemicellulose, Klason lignin and cellulose were 12.9%,10.3%,6.9%,20.8%,17.8% and 20.3%, respectively. The optimum process for lignin is 99 min extraction time, 4% hydrochloric acid addition, material to liquid ratio of 1/19(g/mL), acetic acid volume fraction of 91.6%, extraction volume of 288.6mg, extraction rate of 84.7%.