Abstract: Tara tannin, an abundant polyphenolic compound in Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) pods, possesses a rich pyrogallol structure. Consequently, it exhibits potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, as well as strong binding affinity with proteins and multivalent metal ions, and thus has application value in various fields. Current utilization strategies primarily follow two approaches: direct use of Tara pod powder and extraction of Tara tannin for further processing and utilization. To maximize the application value of Tara tannin, the latter approach is generally preferred. This paper reviewed recent advances in extraction methods, functional properties, as well as primary application fields and performances of Tara tannin, and examined challenges in its advanced and fine applications. Furthermore, promising research directions for future development were prospected.